Synthetic Aperture Radar for oil spill monitoring: a brief review
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this paper, a review of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-based techniques, for oil slick at sea observation is proposed, focusing in particular on polarimetric approaches. In fact, marine oil pollution monitoring is a topic of great applicative and scientific relevance and in such a context, among all remote sensing sensors, SAR represents a fundamental tool due to its almost all-weather and all-day imaging capability, providing synoptic maps of the observed scene with a fine spatial resolution and a dense revisit time. Although traditionally SAR-based techniques for oil pollution observation rely on automatic or partially supervised classifiers applyed on single-polarization SAR imagery and based on image processing algorithms, in the last decade the growing number of fully and partially polarimetric data available from several polarimetric SAR sensors offered an unprecedented amount of physical information about the scattering mechanisms ruling the interaction between the observed scene and the SAR illumination. Hence, a set of polarimetric approaches that exploit the oil-covered sea surface departure from Bragg scattering, which characterizes the scattering from a slightly rough surface as the slick-free ocean one, have been developed. Polarimetric SAR observations represent a significant improvement allowing to distinguish oil slicks from look-alikes (low-wind areas, biogenic films, etc.) and to avoid or reduce the need of trained personnel and external information (optical and scatterometer data) required for single polarization SAR-based techniques.
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